Influence of the BsmI polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor gene on the levels of vitamin D, inflammatory and oxidative stress profile in patients with cystic fibrosis supplemented with Colecalciferol megadose.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the influence of the BsmI polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor gene on vitamin D levels, and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in patients with Cystic Fibrosis supplemented with cholecalciferol megadose. METHODS: We performed a single-arm, non-randomized pre- and post-study of 17 patients aged 5 to 20 years with cystic fibrosis diagnosed with vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency 25-hydroxy vitamin< 30 ng/mL. Individuals were genotyped for the BsmI polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor gene and all received cholecalciferol supplementation of 4,000 IU daily for children aged 5 to 10 years and 10,000 IU for children over 10 years of age for 8 weeks. Interviews were conducted with personal data, sun exposure, anthropometric and blood samples of 25-hydroxy vitamin parathormone, serum calcium, ultrasensitive C-reactive protein, alpha 1 acid glycoprotein, total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde and kidney and liver function. Inter- and intra-group assessment was assessed by paired t-test Anova test or its non-parametric counterparts. RESULTS: The individuals were mostly male and reported no adverse effects from the use of supplementation, 64 % had 25-hydroxy vitamin levels >30 ng/mL. Patients with BB and Bb genotypes showed increased serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin. The group with BB genotype showed a reduction in alpha 1 acid glycoprotein. And individuals with the bb genotype had high levels of malondialdehyde compared to the pre-intervention time. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that variations of the BsmI polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor gene have different responses in vitamin D levels and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress.

Intermittent fasting associated with aerobic exercise improves oxidative parameters and causes muscle damage without compromising the performance of Wistar rats.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to` investigate the effects of intermittent fasting (IF) and the possible association with aerobic exercise on performance, oxidative, biochemical, and somatic parameters of Wistar rats. METHODS: Forty rats were randomized into the following groups: sedentary (SC) and trained (TC) controls, sedentary intermittent fasting (SIF), and trained intermittent fasting (TIF). The rats were subjected to IF for 15 h every day and aerobic exercise lasting 30 min, five times a week, at a speed of 15 m/min for 4 wk. Performance tests were performed at the beginning and end of the protocol. Glucose and insulin tolerance, somatic parameters, lipidogram, leptin, insulin, malondialdehyde, antioxidant capacity, C-reactive protein, alpha acid glycoprotein, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and muscle histology were analyzed. RESULTS: The trained groups had similar performance and significantly improved performance at the end of the experiment. TIF showed lower body weight (-16 g), lean mass (22.49%), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (29%), and lactate dehydrogenase (48%), and higher malondialdehyde (53%) and antioxidant capacity (75%) than the TC group. The SIF and TIF groups showed a fiber area reduction and positivity marking for tumor necrosis factor-α in the muscles. CONCLUSION: Although IF associated with aerobic exercise improved antioxidant capacity caused damage to muscle fibers and lean mass loss, it did not change the performance of the rats.

Vitamin D levels and their association with oxidative stress and inflammation markers in patients with cystic fibrosis / Niveles de vitamina D y su asociación con marcadores de estrés oxidativo e inflamatorios en pacientes con fibrosis quística

Introduction: cystic fibrosis is a disease that causes inflammation, oxidative stress and metabolic changes that lead to nutrient deficiency, such as vitamin D deficiency. On the other hand, it is suggested that vitamin D has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. Objective: to evaluate the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and the association between serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels with markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with cystic fibrosis. Method: a cross-sectional study was carried out with 48 patients with cystic fibrosis including children, adolescents and adults in the northeast region of Brazil. Blood collection was performed for analysis of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium, parathyroid hormone, inflammatory process (C-reactive protein (CRP) and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein-A1 (A1GPA)) and oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (CAOT)). The statistical analysis was performed using the “Statistical Package for the Social Sciences”, adopting a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency was found in 64.6 % of patients. After multiple linear regression analysis, MDA showed an inverse association with blood values of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (p < 0.05) conditioned by the presence of inflammatory process markers. When only oxidative stress was evaluated, this association disappeared. Conclusion: in conclusion, there was a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D, with 25(OH)D levels associated with greater oxidative stress when combined with inflammatory markers. Improved vitamin D levels may be an alternative to reduce the damage caused by excess oxidative stress and inflammation in CF patients. (AU)

Introducción: la fibrosis quística es una enfermedad que cursa con inflamación, estrés oxidativo y cambios metabólicos que conducen a deficiencia de nutrientes como la vitamina D. Por otro lado, se sugiere que la vitamina D tiene acción antiinflamatoria y antioxidante. Objetivo: evaluar la prevalencia de hipovitaminosis D y la asociación entre los niveles séricos de 25 hidroxivitamina D con los marcadores de estrés oxidativo e inflamación en pacientes con fibrosis quística. Método: estudio transversal realizado con 48 pacientes con fibrosis quística, niños, adolescentes y adultos, de la región nordeste de Brasil. Se realizó una extracción de sangre para el análisis de 25-hidroxivitamina D, calcio, hormona paratiroidea, proceso inflamatorio (proteína C-reactiva [PCR] y alfa-1-glucoproteína ácida-A1 [A1GPA]) y estrés oxidativo (malondialdehído [MDA] y capacidad antioxidante total [CAOT]). El análisisestadístico se realizó utilizando el “Paquete Estadístico para las Ciencias Sociales”, adoptando un nivel de significancia de p < 0,05. Resultados: se encontró insuficiencia/deficiencia de vitamina D en el 64,6 % de los pacientes. Después de un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple, la MDA mostró una asociación inversa con los valores sanguíneos de 25-hidroxivitamina D (p < 0,05) condicionado a la presencia de marcadores de proceso inflamatorio; cuando solo se evalúa el estrés oxidativo, esta asociación desaparece. Conclusión: en conclusión, hubo una alta prevalencia de hipovitaminosis D, con niveles de 25(OH)D asociados a mayor estrés oxidativo cuando se combina con marcadores inflamatorios. La mejora de los niveles de vitamina D puede ser una alternativa para reducir el daño causado por el exceso de estrés oxidativo y la inflamación en pacientes con FQ. (AU)

Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the crude ethanolic extract and alkaloid fraction of Waltheria viscosissima A. St. - Hil. (Malvaceae).

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The Waltheria viscosissima A. St.- Hil (Malvaceae) is also known as 'Malva branca', has been reported as ethnopharmacologically useful plant containing antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties, but scientific evidence is absent. AIM OF THE STUDY: Elucidate the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of the crude ethanol extract (EEBWa.v) and alkaloid fraction (FAWa.v) of aerial parts of the W. viscosissima in healthy mice with induced inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: EEBWa.v and FAWa.v (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) and morphine (10 mg/kg) were used in vivo tests of chemical nociception induced by acetic acid (0.6%; 10 mg/kg) and formalin (2.5%) in Swiss male mice. Acute inflammation was induced by carrageenan (1%) in vivo tests and there were several groups tested. The control (inflammation induced without treatment) and the groups treated with EEBWa.v (100 mg/kg), FAWa.v (100 mg/kg) and dexamethasone (2 mg/kg). After this procedure, the animals were euthanized and the peritoneal fluid was collected to evaluate cell migration and redox balance (malondialdehyde - MDA and Total Antioxidant Capacity - TAC). RESULTS: The morphine, EEBWa.v (50 and 100 mg/kg) and FAWa.v (100 mg/kg) significantly reduced the number of abdominal writhes compared to the control group. FAWa.v (100 mg/kg) was superior to FAWa.v (200 mg/kg). In the formalin-induced nociception model (neurogenic phase) EEBWa.v (50 and 200 mg/kg) significantly reduced the number of paw licks. In the inflammatory phase with peripheral action, FAWa.v (100 mg/kg) was superior to EEBWa.v (200 mg/kg). EEBWa.v and FAWa.v (100 mg/kg) proved to be significant for the next experiments. Both samples showed reduction in cell migration, as well as those treated with dexamethasone, in animals with inflammation induced by carrageenan, compared to the untreated group. The redox balance (TAC and MDA) revealed that only EEBWa.v (100 mg/kg) had higher antioxidant potential than the untreated group and the dexamethasone group, p < 0.005 and p < 0.001, respectively. FAWa.v (100 mg/kg) did not show antioxidant activity superior to EEBWa.v. It was also detected that EEBWa.v and FAWa.v (100 mg/kg) failed to inhibit lipid peroxidation. CONCLUSIONS: The W. viscosissima stimulates pain control, which can be mediated by both central and peripheral action. These bioactive compounds showed promising and potential to replace standard medicines. This bioactive effect is statistically similar to morphine and dexamethasone, standard medicines on the market, but with the advantage of antioxidant activity.

Pro12Ala Polymorphism on the PPARγ2 Gene and Weight Loss After Aerobic Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The objective of this study was to verify the influence of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPARγ2 gene in response of a training program on the body composition. Sixty-nine previously inactive men and women (32.8 ± 8.2 years) were genotyped and underwent a 12-week aerobic (running/walking) training program (3-5 sessions, 40 - 60 min per session, and intensity between the aerobic and anaerobic threshold) (experimental group n = 53) or were part of the control group (n = 16). They were tested for aerobic capacity (ergospirometry), body composition (DXA), abdomen, waist and hip circumferences and nutritional assessment before and 48 h after the experimental protocol. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA test was used to verify possible differences in variables between the experimental vs. control groups or Pro/Pro vs. Pro/Ala groups, and the Chi-squared test was used to verify the distribution of responders and non-responders according to genotype (p < 0.05). Frequencies of 75.5% Pro/Pro (n = 40) and 24.5% Pro/Ala (n = 13) were found, without any occurrence of the recessive homozygote. Body fat reduction was initially confirmed compared to a control group which did not exercise (n = 16; 29.1 ± 8.8 years), so that the exercise group obtained a reduction of -1.3 kg vs. -0.3 kg in the control group (p = 0.03). When they were divided by genotype, there were significant changes in fat mass (-1.3 ± 2.1 kg; p = 0.00), lean mass (0.6 ± 1.5 kg; p = 0.02), fat percentage (-1.3 ± 1.6; p = 0.00), waist circumference (-2.2 ± 2.9 cm; p = 0.00), abdomen circumference (-3.3 ± 3.6 cm; p = 0.00) and hip circumference (-2.7 ± 2.7 cm; p = 0.00) for Pro/Pro genotypes; and fat mass (-1.1 ± 1.7 kg; p = 0.04), fat percentage (-0.9 ± 1.5; p = 0.04), abdomen circumference (-3.9 ± 3.5 cm; p = 0.00) and hip circumference (-1.8 ± 1.8 cm; p = 0.00) for Pro/Ala genotypes, without any group interaction differences. The Chi squared test revealed no differences in the distribution of responders or non-responders according to genotype. It is concluded that an aerobic training program promotes weight loss, but the Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPARγ2 gene does not influence the variability of aerobic-induced exercise weight loss.

Physical Activity Level Influences MTHFR Gene Methylation Profile in Diabetic Patients.

INTRODUCTION: MTHFR methylation status is associated with microvascular complications in diabetes, but the factors influencing this profile remain unknown. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of physical activity level and nutritional status on the methylation profile of the MTHFR gene in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: A total of 111 patients, 43 men and 68 women diagnosed with DM (7.0 ± 2.3 years), answered the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and underwent blood collection for biochemical analysis, DNA extraction, and MTHFR gene methylation profile determination. RESULT: The comparison of the methylation pattern showed that the partially methylated profile predominates in the insufficiently active group (85%), which does not occur in the sufficiently active group (54%) (p = 0.012). No differences were found in the nutritional status comparison. Logistic regression including overweight, waist circumference, gender, age, time of DM, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, alcoholism, and family DM revealed that the association of the level of physical activity with methylation profile proved to be independent of these confounding variables. Considering the partially methylated profile as a result, being physically inactive favors the partially methylated MTHFR pattern in patients with DM. CONCLUSION: We concluded that insufficient physical activity is associated with partially methylated pattern of MTHFR promoter.

Perfil da leishmaniose cutânea americana na Amazônia Sul-Ocidental brasileira: uma abordagem multivariada / American cutaneous leishmaniasis profile in a Brazilian Southwestern Amazonia: a multivariate approach / Perfil de la leishmaniasis cutanea americana en la Amazonia Sul-occidental brasileña: un enfoque multivariado

Justificativa e Objetivos: A Leishmaniose Cutânea Americana (LCA) é uma doença de cadeia de transmissão complexa sujeita a diversos determinantes, em uma mesma região. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o comportamento e determinar o perfil epidemiológico da LCA em uma região da Amazônia Sul-ocidental utilizando técnicas de análises multivariadas. Métodos: Utilizou-se as informações do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan), 2001 a 2010,para o estado do Acre e técnicas de análises de agrupamento hierárquico e de componentes principais. Resultados: Foram analisados um total de 10.984 casos de LCA e discriminados três grupos. O primeiro grupo se destacou por apresentar maior porcentagem de indivíduos do sexo feminino, com predominância da forma clínica mucosa, idade até 20 anos, que residiam e trabalhavam em áreas rurais e florestais; o segundo grupo foi discriminado por agrupar indivíduos do sexo masculino, com forma clínica cutânea, idade superior a 40 anos de idade, que residiam e trabalhavam em áreas urbanas; o terceiro grupo foi constituído por indivíduos do sexo masculino, forma clínica cutânea, idades entre 20 e 40 anos, que residiam e trabalhavam em áreas rurais. Conclusão: Há evidências que para cada tipo de transmissão de LCA florestal, urbano e rural, exista um perfil epidemiológico correspondente e as técnicas de análises multivariadas foram eficientes em destacar o comportamento da LCArelacionando-os ao perfil dos indivíduos acometidos.(AU)

Background and Objectives: The American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) is a disease of complex chain of transmission subject to various determinants, in the same region. Theaim was to analyze the ACL behavior and identify the epidemiological profile in a Brazilian Southwestern Amazonia region, using multivariate analysis techniques. Methods: The hierarchic cluster and principal components analysis were performed using the Brazilian System for Disease Notification (Sinan), from 2001 until 2010, recorded in the state of Acre. Results: 10,984 cases were analysed and discriminated three groups of ACL. In the first group, the epidemiological profile presented a higher percentage, in relation to the other two groups, of women with predominance of ACL mucosa form, aging less than 20 years, living and working in rural and forest environment; In the second group, the epidemiological profile consisted of male patients, with ACL in the cutaneous form, age of 40 years or older, living and working in urban areas. In the third group, there was predominance of male patients, ACL cutaneous form, ages between 20 and 40 years, living and working in rural areas. Conclusion: There are evidences that for each type of transmission, namely forest, urban and rural, there is a corresponding epidemiological profile and techniques of multivariate analyzes were effective to evidence the ACL behaviour relating them to the profile of the affected individuals.(AU)

Justificación y objetivos: LeishmaniasisCutanea Americana (LCA)es una enfermedad de ciclo de contaminación compleja afectada por diversos factores, en una misma zona. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo el análisis del comportamiento y el perfil de salud en la zona de Amazonia Sul-occidental empleando técnicas de análisis multivariantes. Métodos: se ha empleado las informciones del Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), 2001 a 2010, para la Provincia de Acre y técnicas de análisis por conglomerados y análisis de componente principal. Resultados: han sido analisados un total de 10.984 casos de LCA y diferenciados en tres grupos. El primer grupo se ha destacado por presentar un mas grande percentual de personas del sexo femenino, con predominancia de forma clinica mucosa, edad hacia los 20 años, que vivian y trabajavan en diversas zonas, rurales y florestales; el según grupo fue diferenciado por incorporar personas del sexo masculino, con forma clínica cutanea, edad arriba de 40 años, que vivian y trabajaban en zonas urbanas; el tercer grupo se ha constituído por personas del sexo masculino, forma clínica cutanea, edades entre los 20 y 40 años, que vivian y trabajaban en zonas rurales. Conclusión: hay evidencias que para cada tipo de contaminación de LCAflorestales, urbanas y rurales, existía un perfil epidemiológico compatible y las técnicas de análisis multivariantes han sido eficientes en distinguir la actuación de la LCA relacionándose al perfil de las personas infectadas.(AU)